Biochemical law for chemical reaction, whose PREPRO is LRCHIM.F and the law is implicit in the REACT element.
If ICOAL=1, the reaction modelled is the burning of coal. Several chemical species are of interest: the $O_2$ content required for the reaction to take place and the $CO_2$ produced. The concentration of solid product (CSP) and the concentration of exhausted gas (CEG) are also measured. In this case, the 6th DOF is the $O_2$ content.
Because of the rate of the reaction, a sub-incrementation is performed with respect to the time. It is obtained from the reaction rate $\tau_{O_2}$: \[\tau_{O_2}= \frac{1089}{26 * 32}\left[C_{coal}*AK0*\exp{\left(\frac{-EDR}{TEMP}\right)}\right]^{-1}\]
The new chemical time step is then $\Delta t_{ch} = 0.1*\tau_{O_2}$. The following calculations are then performed until reaching $\Delta t$:
\[AQF = C_{COAL} * C_{O_2} * AK0 * \exp{\left(\frac{-EDR}{TEMP}\right)}\]
\[C_{COAL} = C_{COAL}- AQF * \Delta t_{ch}\]
\[C_{O_2} = C_{O_2}- AQF * \Delta t_{ch}* \left(\frac{26*32}{1089}\right) \frac{1}{CPORO}\] with $CPORO=0.4$.
Finally, the increment of $O_2$ concentration ($\Delta C_{O_2}= C_{O_2,ini} - C_{O_2}$) is calculated and the parameters of interest are updated only if that increment is inferior to 1E-4: \[\Delta C_{coal}= C_{coal,ini} - C_{coal}\] \[FL_{coal} = -\Delta H * \frac{\Delta C_{coal}}{\Delta t}\] \[CEG = CEG + \Delta C_{coal}* \left(\frac{47*305E-1}{1089}\right)\frac{1}{CPORO}\] \[CSP = CSP + \Delta C_{coal}* \left(\frac{1*489}{1089}\right)\] Otherwise, $FL_{coal}$ is set to zero and all the parameters are set equal to their initial values.
If ICOAL = 2, then the reaction modelled is the one between $CO_2$ and $Ca(OH)_2$ to form $CaCO_3$. The sixth degree of freedom is then the concentration in $CO_2$.
Several parameters are defined beforehand: $A=1E7$, $E_0 = 0.044*E0$, $TEMP = 293$ and $R = 8.31$.
Then, a reaction rate $\tau_{CO_2}$ is calculated: \[\tau_{CO_2}= \frac{76}{44}\left[ \frac{\alpha_1*FH*C_{CO2}}{G_{max}}*\left(1-\left(\frac{C_{CaCO_3}}{C_{max}}\right)\right)*A*\exp\left(\frac{-E_0}{(R*TEMP)}\right)\right]^{-1}\]
The new chemical time step is then $\Delta t_{ch} = 0.1*\tau_{CO_2}$. The following calculations are then performed until reaching $\Delta t$: \[AQF = \frac{\alpha_1*FH*C_{CO_2}}{G_{max}}*\left(1-\left(\frac{C_{CaCO_3}}{C_{ma}}\right)\right)*A*\exp\left(\frac{-E_0}{(R*TEMP)}\right)\] \[C_{Ca(OH)_2} = C_{Ca(OH)_2}-AQF*\Delta t_{ch}\] \[C_{CaCO_3}= 0\] \[C_{CO_2} = C_{CO_2}- AQF*\Delta t_{ch}*\frac{44}{76}\]
Finally, the increment of $CO_2$ concentration ($\Delta C_{CO_2}= C_{CO_2,ini} - C_{CO_2}$) is calculated and the parameters of interest are updated only if that increment is inferior to 1E-10: \[\Delta C_{Ca(OH)_2} = C_{Ca(OH)_2,ini} - C_{Ca(OH)_2}\] \[FL_{coal} = \frac{\Delta C_{CO_2}}{\Delta t}\] Otherwise, $FL_{coal}$ is set to zero and all the parameters are set equal to their initial values.
This constitutive law is used to take into account the degradation of organic matter and the following production of Volatil Fatty Acid (VFA). Those VFA are then consumed to produce methanogen biomass.
This law is based on McDougall’s model.
Le modèle de McDougall est modèle hydro-bio-mécanique de comportement des déchets.
La partie hydraulique du modèle est basé sur l’équation d’écoulement (« équation de Richard ») en milieu non saturée.
La partie biochimique décrit la phase anaérobique de la digestion de la matière organique. L’intégralité du phénomène de biodégradation est régit par le système d’équation suivant :
Hydrolyse et acidogénèse
Les acides gras volatils (AGV) sont générés en utilisant l’équation de génération suivante :
\[r_g = b \times \theta_e \times \phi \times P\]
Le premier est le taux maximal de génération $b$.
Le second est le la teneur en eau effective :
\[\theta_e = \frac{\theta - \theta_{res}}{\theta_{sat} - \theta_{res}}\]
Où :
Le troisième, est le terme de « digestibilité » qui dénote de la capacité du milieu à être biodégradé : \[\phi = 1 - \left[ \frac{Org_0 - Org}{Org_0}\right]^n\] La variation de la teneur organique en fonction du temps est donnée par : \[Org^{t+\Delta t} = Org^t - \theta \times \frac{162}{60}\times r_g\times \Delta t\] Où :
Le dernier terme est le terme d’inhibition qui tient compte de l’acidification du milieu et de l’accumulation des produits : \[P = e^{-k_{AVG}\times c}\] Où :
Acétogénèse et méthanogénèse
La génération du méthane est décrite par une cinétique de Monod :
\[r_j = \frac{k_0\times c}{k_{MC} + c}\times m\]
Où :
La génération du méthane est directement reliée à la consommation des AGV. Ainsi, le taux de dégradation des AGV est donné par : \[r_h = \frac{r_j}{Y}\]
Où :
La dégradation du méthane est quant à elle donnée par : \[r_k = k_2\times m\]
Où :
La génération, la dégradation et le transport des AGV sont compilés dans l’équation de bilan suivante : \[D_c \frac{\partial^2 c}{\partial x^2} + D_c \frac{\partial^2 c}{\partial z^2} - \frac{q_x}{\theta} \frac{\partial c}{\partial x} - \frac{q_z}{\theta} \frac{\partial c}{\partial z} + \left[ r_g - r_h\right] = \frac{\partial c}{\partial t}\] La génération, la dégradation et le transport du méthane sont compilés dans l’équation de bilan suivante : \[D_m \frac{\partial^2 m}{\partial x^2} + D_m \frac{\partial^2 m}{\partial z^2} - \frac{q_x}{\theta} \frac{\partial m}{\partial x} - \frac{q_z}{\theta} \frac{\partial m}{\partial z} + \left[ r_g - r_h\right] = \frac{\partial m}{\partial t}\]
Prepro: LRCHIM.F
Plane stress state | / |
Plane strain state | / |
Axisymmetric state | / |
3D state | / |
Generalized plane state | / |
Line 1 (2I5, 60A1) | |
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IL | Law number |
ITYPE | 199 |
COMMENT | Any comment (up to 60 characters) that will be reproduced on the output listing |
Line 1 (1I5) | |
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ICOAL | = 1 for the combustion of coal (?) |
= 2 for a reaction of carbonation (?) | |
= 3 to use the biochemical degradation of the organic matter | |
=4 to use the carbonation of cementitious materials | |
Line 2 (2G10.0) | |
FLUXF | |
FLUXD |
If ICOAL = 1
Line 1 (5G10.0) | |
---|---|
DELTAH | Heat produced/consumed by the chemical reaction |
CF0 | Initial coal content |
CO2 | Oxygen content |
AK0 | |
EDR |
If ICOAL = 2
Line 1 (7G10.0) | |
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FH | |
GMAX | |
CMAX | |
Alpha1 | |
Alpha4 | |
CAOH2 | $Ca(OH)_2$ content |
E0 | Activation energy |
If ICOAL = 3
Line 1 (7G10.0) | |
---|---|
B | maximal hydrolysis rate |
CK_AGV | product inhibition factor |
CN | structural transformation parameter |
Y | cell/substrate yield coefficient |
CK_2 | methanogen death rate |
CK_0 | maximum specific growth rate |
ORG_INI | initial organic matter content |
Line 2 (7G10.0) | |
CK_MC | half saturation constant |
POROSITY | porosity |
SAT_RES | residual saturation |
SAT_SAT | maximum saturation |
CN_VAN_GENUCHTEN | first coefficient of Van Genuchten |
CM_VAN_GENUCHTEN | second coefficient of Van Genuchten |
Alpha | pressure normalization factor |
Line 3 (4G10.0) | |
RHO_H2O | water density |
E_N | thermal flux per kg of degraded organic matter |
CM | initial condition on methanogen biomass concentration |
ORG | initial condition on organic matter content |
If ICOAL = 4
Line 1 (7G10.0) | |
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hmin | Minimal pore relative humidity |
ALPHA | Material parameter |
GMAX | Maximum CO2 content |
z | Cement content of the mix |
C | Ca(OH)2 content of the mix |
CAOH2 | Ca(OH)2 content of the mix |
CACO3 | CaCO3 content of the mix |
Line 2 (7G10.0) | |
ISR | Index for the water retention curve |
CSR1 | Parameter 1 of the WRC |
CSR2 | Parameter 2 of the WRC |
CSR3 | Parameter 3 of the WRC |
CSR4 | Parameter 4 of the WRC |
CSR5 | Parameter 5 of the WRC |
NSUBH | Number of sub-increment for the hysteresis (if ISR=53) |
Line 3 (4G10.0) | |
SRW | Initial saturation degree of the porous medium |
SRES | Minimal Srw |
SRFIELD | Maximal Srw |
POROS | Porosity |
4
SIG(1) | Consumption of water |
SIG(2) | Production of gas |
SIG(3) | Heat flux generated |
SIG(4) | Chemical produced |
4
IF ICOAL = 1:
Q(1) | CCOAL: Coal concentration |
Q(2) | NSTEP |
Q(3) | CSP: Concentration of solid product |
Q(4) | CEG: Concentration of exhausted gas |
IF ICOAL = 2:
Q(1) | $Ca(OH)_2$ concentration |
Q(2) | $CaCO_3$ concentration |
Q(3) | / |
Q(4) | / |
IF ICOAL = 3 :
Q(1) | Organic matter content |
Q(2) | Methanogen biomass concentration |
Q(3) | Modified enzymatic hydrolysis rate (VFA accumulation rate) |
Q(4) | VFA depletion rate |
IF ICOAL = 4 :
Q(1) | Ca(OH)2 content |
Q(2) | CACO3 content |
Q(3) | SRW |
Q(4) | / |